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    <lastmod>2020-09-20</lastmod>
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      <image:title>America the Land</image:title>
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      <image:title>America the Land</image:title>
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      <image:title>America the Land</image:title>
      <image:caption>Two rosy-faced lovebirds, found holding hands. Their name comes from the parrots' strong monogamous pair-bonding and the long periods which they spend sitting together.  Native to the Namib Desert, they also now thrive naturally in Arizona, where this picture was taken.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>America the Land</image:title>
      <image:caption>Desert bighorn sheep in Colorado National Monument at sunset.  These bighorn sheep were common in Native American rock art, an indication of their presence and prominence in indigenous cultures.  Accounts from European explorers in the late 1600's estimate that more than two million desert bighorn once roamed the southwest.  However, by the late 1800's bighorn sheep had disappeared or declined in many areas.  Extremely vulnerable to diseases from European livestock, wild sheep were decimated by pathogens like scabies and anthrax introduced by domestic sheep.  Bighorns were also killed by early explorers, settlers, and trophy hunters.  Increased human activity and development continue to threaten the desert bighorn sheep.  A small population was reintroduced to Colorado National Monument in 1979.  While more than 230 sheep have been sighted and monitored across the public lands of the Grand Valley, only 40 bighorn thrive in and around Colorado National Monument.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>America the Land</image:title>
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      <image:title>America the Land</image:title>
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      <image:title>America the Land</image:title>
      <image:caption>A fogbow off the coast of Maine.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>America the Land</image:title>
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      <image:title>America the Land</image:title>
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      <image:title>America the Land</image:title>
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      <image:title>America the Land</image:title>
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      <image:title>America the Land</image:title>
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      <image:title>America the Land</image:title>
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      <image:title>America the Land</image:title>
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      <image:title>America the Land</image:title>
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      <image:title>America the Land</image:title>
      <image:caption>A pair of Desert bighorn sheep in Colorado National Monument at sunset.  These bighorn sheep were common in Native American rock art, an indication of their presence and prominence in indigenous cultures.  Accounts from European explorers in the late 1600's estimate that more than two million desert bighorn once roamed the southwest.  However, by the late 1800's bighorn sheep had disappeared or declined in many areas.  Extremely vulnerable to diseases from European livestock, wild sheep were decimated by pathogens like scabies and anthrax introduced by domestic sheep.  Bighorns were also killed by early explorers, settlers, and trophy hunters.  Increased human activity and development continue to threaten the desert bighorn sheep.  A small population was reintroduced to Colorado National Monument in 1979.  While more than 230 sheep have been sighted and monitored across the public lands of the Grand Valley, only 40 bighorn thrive in and around Colorado National Monument.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>America the Land</image:title>
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      <image:title>America the Land</image:title>
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      <image:title>America the Land</image:title>
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      <image:title>America the Land</image:title>
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      <image:title>America the Land</image:title>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.jamesaramelliott.com/westernarmenia</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2022-01-27</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1501443823721-VW6FF6FYP3O77LUST7P1/IMG_4105.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Western Armenia Արեւմտեան Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>The sky parts and pours sunlight over the mountain range beside the coast of Lake Van, as seen from the island of Akhtamar.  Lake Van was the center of the capital of the Urartu Kingdom (1000 BC).  Later, King Gagik I Artsruni (908-944 AD) of the Armenian kingdom of Vaspurakan chose the island of Aghtamar as one of his residences, founding a settlement there.  It is famous for its cathedral, and an old Armenian legend about a princess named Tamar, who fell in love with a commoner who would swim to the island every night to see her.  She would light a torch for him so he could find his way to shore, one night she was found out and her torch was extinguished, leaving the boy to drown.  It is said you can hear him calling her name. "Drop down, heavens, from above, and let clouds pour down righteousness; let the earth open up and salvation bear fruit, and righteousness spring up with it."</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1501443823721-VW6FF6FYP3O77LUST7P1/IMG_4105.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Western Armenia Արեւմտեան Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>The sky parts and pours sunlight over the mountain range beside the coast of Lake Van, as seen from the island of Akhtamar.  Lake Van was the center of the capital of the Urartu Kingdom (1000 BC).  Later, King Gagik I Artsruni (908-944 AD) of the Armenian kingdom of Vaspurakan chose the island of Aghtamar as one of his residences, founding a settlement there.  It is famous for its cathedral, and an old Armenian legend about a princess named Tamar, who fell in love with a commoner who would swim to the island every night to see her.  She would light a torch for him so he could find his way to shore, one night she was found out and her torch was extinguished, leaving the boy to drown.  It is said you can hear him calling her name. "Drop down, heavens, from above, and let clouds pour down righteousness; let the earth open up and salvation bear fruit, and righteousness spring up with it."</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1518836244120-73U21S446FVUNUDKOD2J/JamesAramElliottPhotography-3714.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Western Armenia Արեւմտեան Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>Ani, the City of 1001 Churches, was the capital of the Armenian Bagratid Kingdom that covered much of present-day Armenia and eastern Turkey.  The city takes its name from the fortress city and pagan center of Ani-Kamakh in Daranaghi, Upper Armenia.  Its previous name, Khnamk, may have come from the verb "khnamel", meaning "to take care of".  Ani is also the diminutive name of the ancient Armenian goddess Anahit, who was seen as its mother-protector. After the Armenian Genocide in 1915, the new Turkish government minister Riza Nur ordered the commander of the Eastern Front, Kazim Karabekir, for the monuments of Ani to "be wiped off the face of the earth."  At least ten monuments remain.  A few dot the landscape in this valley over the Akhurian River.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Western Armenia Արեւմտեան Հայաստան</image:title>
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      <image:title>Western Armenia Արեւմտեան Հայաստան</image:title>
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      <image:title>Western Armenia Արեւմտեան Հայաստան</image:title>
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      <image:title>Western Armenia Արեւմտեան Հայաստան</image:title>
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      <image:title>Western Armenia Արեւմտեան Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>Surp Amenap’rkitch, Church of the Holy Redeemer, was built by Prince Ablgharib Pahlavid to be a reliquary for a fragment of the True Cross.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Western Armenia Արեւմտեան Հայաստան</image:title>
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      <image:title>Western Armenia Արեւմտեան Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>Standing on what should be the altar of Arakelots Monastery's main church, the large void in its back wall gives way to a view of the ruins of Saint Thaddeus Church, and the vast landscape Armenians had called home since the time of Menua - the king of Urartu in 800 BC - whose cuneiform inscriptions were found in the vicinity. The monastery itself was founded in the early 4th century, became a major center of learning during the 12th-13th centuries, and remained one of the prominent monasteries of Western Armenia until the genocide in 1915. The indigenous Armenian population of the Taron (Muş) region - approximately 140,000 men, women, and children - were murdered. The whole of the structure remained standing until the 1960's, when it was blown up by the Turkish government. The innately carved double doors of Arakelots Church date back to 1134 and are considered one of the greatest masterpieces of Medieval Armenian art. The Mush Homiliarium, handwritten in 1200, is the largest surviving Armenian illuminated manuscript known - weighing over 60 pounds, with over 600 pages. In order to save the manuscript during the genocide, the book was divided in half and carried from the monastery to safety by two Armenian women fleeing their homelands. They are now both housed in Yerevan; at the History Museum of Armenia and Matenadaran - the Mesrop Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts. Armenians are still known to make the pilgrimage to the ruins of Arakelots, over a steep mile that climbs from the village at the base of the mountain to its peak, on their hands and knees.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Western Armenia Արեւմտեան Հայաստան</image:title>
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      <image:title>Western Armenia Արեւմտեան Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>The Cathedral of the Holy Cross, built in 921 AD, on the small island of Akhtamar.  This cathedral served as a palatine church for the kings of Vaspurakan, and later, the seat of the Catholicosate of Vaspurakan.  It is the only structure that remains from that time.  The monastic complex was destroyed and the cathedral was looted during the Armenian Genocide in 1915 - its demolition prevented by Yaşar Kemal, a Kurdish journalist and candidate for the Nobel Prize in Literature.  In the 1950's the island was used as a military training ground.  Controversial restorations were made in 2007 and it was reopened as a museum instead of as a place of worship, at that time without its cross or bell, and the name of the island was changed to Akdamar, translated as "white vein" in Turkish. "A real comedy... A real tragedy... The government still hasn't been able to formulate a correct approach to the 'Armenian Question'.  Its real aim is not to solve the problem, but to gain points like a wrestler in a contest. How and when it will make the right move and defeat its opponent. That's the only concern. This is not earnestness. The state calls on Armenian historians to discuss history, but does not shy from trying its own intellectuals who have an unorthodox rhetoric on the Armenian Genocide.  It restores an Armenian church in the Southeast, but only thinks, “How can I use this for political gains in the world? How can I sell it?” - Hrant Dink, Turkish-Armenian journalist assassinated for his beliefs in 2007.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Western Armenia Արեւմտեան Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>David and Goliath, among other stories, depicted on the facade of the Cathedral of the Holy Cross.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Western Armenia Արեւմտեան Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>Cathedral of the Holy Cross Altar Murals</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Western Armenia Արեւմտեան Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>Akhtamar Island</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Western Armenia Արեւմտեան Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>The Vana Gadou, also known as "the swimming cat", is a distinctive landrace of domestic cat found in the Lake Van region that, "apart from their great capacity for affection and alert intelligence, their outstanding characteristic is their liking for water, not normally regarded as a feline attribute. They not only dabble in water and play with it, but have been known to enter ponds and even horse-troughs for a swim."  Their most notable genetic characteristic is their almond-shaped eyes that often are mismatched color.  The most valued members of the type have one amber-green eye and one blue eye.  Authors and artists have associated the cat with the Armenian people, who have been said to have revered the cat.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Western Armenia Արեւմտեան Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>The shores of Lake Van.  The capital of the Urartu Kingdom (a cognate with the biblical "Ararat") in 13th century BC (also known as the Kingdom of Van) was located near the shores of Lake Van on the site of what became Van's Castle.  The ruins of the medieval city of Van are still visible below the southern slopes of the rock on which Van Castle is located. The lake was the center of Urartu from ~1000 BC, afterwards of the Satrapy of Armina, the Kingdom of Greater Armenia, and then the Kingdom of Vaspurakan.  Van was one of the three great lakes of the Armenian Kingdom, referred to as the seas of Armenia.</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Mher’s Door</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Western Armenia Արեւմտեան Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>The Bridge of Sulukh near Mush, where the body of Gevorg Chavush was found. Gevorg Chavush was a legendary fedayi - freedom fighter - whose main goal was to ameliorate the plight of the Armenian peasantry in the face of harassment by marauding Turkish and Kurdish bands. He was referred to as “the man with the dagger who was always ready to punish those who molested the defenseless people” and “The Lion of the Mountains”. Born to a family of hunters in Sasun, he went on to receive his education in the Arakelots Monastery school. He joined the fedayi Arabo and later assassinated the traitor who had him imprisoned. For three years he found residence in Aleppo working to raise enough money to buy a rifle and return to Taron to defend Armenian villages from Hamidian Massacres in 1894 (Upwards of 200,000 Armenians killed, 50,000 orphaned, 2,400 villages destroyed, and leaving more than 546,000 destitute). Chavush was captured and sentenced to jail for 15 years. He escaped after 2 years and fled to the mountains of his childhood Sasun, participating in various battles such as the Second Sasun Resistance in 1904. When his uncle was charged with kidnapping a woman from a different Armenian village, fedayi leadership decided Gevorg should be tasked with deciding his uncle’s fate. Gevorg executed his uncle and suffered from a severe depression afterwards, isolating himself in order to grieve the loss. He died in 1907 after being critically wounded in the Battle of Sulukh.</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Khachkars, listed for their symbolism and craftsmanship in the UNESCO list of Intangible Cultural Heritage, taken from the ruins of Surb Karapet Monastery and unceremoniously used in the construction of a home in the nearby village.  Historically, Surb Karapet was the religious center of the Taron region, the seat of the diocese, and the largest and most eminent shrine in all of Western Armenia.  According to two French travelers in 1890, the monastery possessed large areas of land and took several hours to get from one end to another.  The estate was covered by forests, arable fields and had three farms with around a thousand goats and sheep, a hundred oxen and cattle, sixty horses, twenty donkeys, four mules, and 156 caretakers.  In 1896, an orphanage was founded next to the monastery.  It housed a school for 45 children and a library. During the genocide in 1915, the monastery housed a large number of Armenians escaping the deportations and massacres.  Turkish forces and Kurdish irregulars sieged it, but they resisted for more than two months.  Eventually they were overrun and nearly five thousand Armenians were massacred near the wall of the monastery, while the monastery itself was robbed. Now only fragments of khachkars and the traces of two chambers of the chapel of Surb Stepanos remain, while the rest of the monastery's remains consist of foundations and ruined walls used as barns.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Western Armenia Արեւմտեան Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>Members of the "Grey Wolves" - a Turkish ultra-nationalist neo-fascist terrorist group which serves as the Nationalist Movement Party's (MHP) paramilitary or militant wing - celebrating the decision of the April 2017 referendum held under a state of emergency declared following a "failed military coup", most likely staged by the government in order to purge political dissidents in July 2016.  The referendum - in which the Supreme Electoral Council (YSK) made the unprecedented move to allow non-stamped ballots (1.5 million) to be accepted as valid - was condemned by the OSCE and PACE as illegal and sparked large-scale pro-democracy protests, but will nonetheless allow Recep Tayyip Erdogan to stay in power until 2029. This photograph, taken the night of the referendum win in Mush, shows one of several cars full of Grey Wolves members flashing their wolf-head hand signs at a group of Armenians visiting their ancestral homeland.  The group had formed death squads and were responsible for several massacres, as well as the attempted assassination of Pope John Paul II.  During the 1970's they killed 700 activists, intellectuals, labor organizers, journalists, and officials - and nearly 6,000 people in total  They are openly hostile to all Armenians, Kurds, and Greeks in Turkey, Christians overall, and Jews; and are also credited with the distribution of Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf in Turkish.  Their motto is, "Your doctor will be a Turk and your medicine will be Islam". The context for the "referendum" was made possible by the 2016 coup attempt, which resulted in over 300 people killed and more than 2,100 injured.  Mass arrests followed with at least 40,000 detained, including at least 10,000 soldiers and, for reasons that remain unclear, 2,745 judges.  15,000 education staff were also suspended and the licenses of 21,000 teachers working at private institutions were revoked - with over 100,000 arrested or fired from their jobs.  The government also released roughly 38,000 prison inmates, to "make more space in the penal system" for detainees who were arrested or detained after being involved in or suspected of association with the coup.  Erdogan had said, "This uprising is a gift from God to us".</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>A woman adjusts her burqa - the full face veil typically found in more conservative Muslim countries, and banned in Turkey until 2013 - as she passes in front of a building that before the Armenian Genocide in 1915, was the Sanasarian College. Isabella Bird, an explorer, historian, and the first woman to be elected Fellow in the Royal Geographical Society, made note that "one of the most interesting sights in Erzurum is the Sanassarian College, founded and handsomely endowed by the liberality of an Armenian merchant. The fine buildings are of the best construction, and are admirably suited for educational purposes, and the equipments are of the latest and most complete description. The education and the moral and intellectual training are of a very high type, and the personal influence of the three directors, who were educated in Germany and England, altogether "makes for righteousness." The graduation course is nine years. The students, numbering 120, wear a uniform, and there is no distinction of class among them. They are, almost without exception, manly, earnest, and studious, and are full of enthusiasm and esprit de corps. Much may be hoped for in the future from the admirable moral training and thorough education given in this college, which is one of the few bright spots in Armenia."  Most of the teachers were killed and the building was ruined.  Now, it is the "Museum of Erzurum Congress and Turkish War of National Independence".  As is genocidal policy, the Armenian name for the city of Karin, was also replaced with the Turkish, Erzurum.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Western Armenia Արեւմտեան Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>Ani, the City of 1001 Churches, was the capital of the Armenian Bagratid Kingdom that covered much of present-day Armenia and eastern Turkey.  The city takes its name from the fortress city and pagan center of Ani-Kamakh in Daranaghi, Upper Armenia.  Its previous name, Khnamk, may have come from the verb "khnamel", meaning "to take care of".  Ani is also the diminutive name of the ancient Armenian goddess Anahit, who was seen as its mother-protector. After the Armenian Genocide in 1915, the new Turkish government minister Riza Nur ordered the commander of the Eastern Front, Kazim Karabekir, for the monuments of Ani to "be wiped off the face of the earth."  At least ten monuments remain.  A few dot the landscape in this valley over the Akhurian River.</image:caption>
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    <lastmod>2020-04-10</lastmod>
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      <image:title>Bhutan འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་</image:title>
      <image:caption>A dance performed at the tshechu in Tashichho Dzong in Thimphu, Bhutan's capital. Tshechu, literally "day ten", are annual religious festivals of the Drukpa Lineage of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism.  They are held in each district of Bhutan on the tenth day of a month of the lunar Tibetan calendar, the month depending on the place. The dances often offer moral instruction relating to compassion for sentient beings and are held to bring merit to all who perceive them.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Bhutan འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་</image:title>
      <image:caption>A dance performed at the tshechu in Tashichho Dzong in Thimphu, Bhutan's capital. Tshechu, literally "day ten", are annual religious festivals of the Drukpa Lineage of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism.  They are held in each district of Bhutan on the tenth day of a month of the lunar Tibetan calendar, the month depending on the place. The dances often offer moral instruction relating to compassion for sentient beings and are held to bring merit to all who perceive them.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Bhutan འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་</image:title>
      <image:caption>A dance performed at the tshechu in Tashichho Dzong in Thimphu, Bhutan's capital. Tshechu, literally "day ten", are annual religious festivals of the Drukpa Lineage of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism.  They are held in each district of Bhutan on the tenth day of a month of the lunar Tibetan calendar, the month depending on the place. The dances often offer moral instruction relating to compassion for sentient beings and are held to bring merit to all who perceive them.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Bhutan འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་</image:title>
      <image:caption>Punakha Dzong or Pungtang Dewa chhenbi Phodrang, The Palace of Great Happiness or Bliss.    A dzong is both a fortress and a monastery, and serves as the religious, military, administrative, and social center of its district.  Constructed in 1638 by Ngawang Namgyal, the main Drukpa hereditary lineage–holder, the 1st Zhabdrung Rinpoche, and the first to unify warring valley kingdoms under a single rule to create the Bhutanese nation-state.</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Traditionally, prayer flags are used to promote peace, compassion, strength, and wisdom.  Lung ta, "Wind Horse", prayer flags are thought to spread the good will and compassion of their prayers and blessings into all pervading space by the wind.  Hanging them in high places is thought to bring benefits to all.  Wind passes over the surface of the flags, which are sensitive to the slightest movement, and the air is purified and sanctified by their mantras and images.  As high winds whip through this mountain pass in Haa, the flags vibrate at such high frequencies they can be heard crackling - the line itself, taut and tested for its generosity.</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>A view of the road to Haa. Located on the southern end of the Eastern Himalaya, Bhutan has one of the most rugged mountain terrains in the world, with elevations ranging from 520 feet to more than 23,000 feet above sea level.</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>A dance at the annual tshechu in Jakar, Bumthang. Jakar comes from the word bjakhab, or "white bird", in reference to the dzong's foundation myth, according to which a roosting white bird signaled the proper and auspicious location to found a monastery in 1549.  Jakar is the capital of Bumthang, where the history of the Tshechu began when Padmasambhava visited Bhutan to aid the dying king Sindhu Raja.  He is said to have accomplished this by performing rites, reciting mantras, and performing a dance of subjugation to conquer local spirits and gods in the Bumthang Valley.</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>The Taktsang Palphug Monastery or "Tiger's Lair", is a temple complex located in the cliffside of the upper Paro Valley. The temple was built in 1692, by Gyalse Tenzin Rabgye, around the Taktsang Senge Samdup Cave where Padmasambhava is said to have meditated for three years, three months, three weeks, three days, and three hours after arriving at this location from Tibet on the back of a tiger from Khenpajong in the 8th century.</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>It was said a woman came and made thousands of prostrations until her feet wore through the wooden floor of this monastery.</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Four children at play in the trees of Yowakha, a small village hamlet below Chimi Lakhang.</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>A view from the hillock on which Chimi Lakhang sits.  The path to the monastery must be made from the nearby village of Sopsokha, a 20 minute walk through the fields of mustard and rice.</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>The third courtyard at the southernmost end of the Punakha Dzong, where the remains of Pema Lingpa (left) and Ngawang Namgyal (right) are preserved.  The structures are Machey Lakhang, machey meaning "sacred embalmed body."  Pema Lingpa was a Bhutanese saint and siddha of the Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, and the foremost of the Five Tertön Kings.  A "preeminent tertön", or terchen, is a discoverer of spiritual treasures.</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Children run home from school alongside the Black-Necked Crane's protected wintering area in Bumdeling, situated in the Phobjikha Valley, part of Jigme Dorji National Park.</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>A cloud's shadow cast between the stark peaks and valleys of Jigme Khesar Nature Preserve in Haa; one of ten national parks and sanctuaries that cover 60% of Bhutan, each connected by biological corridors.  In the foreground are one of the 50 naturally occurring species of rhododendron in Bhutan.</image:caption>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.jamesaramelliott.com/standingrock</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2025-06-14</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1521223643909-DQFXXIBRGEO6OXSIF1Z7/JamesAramElliottPhotography-6892.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Standing Rock and The Dakota Access Pipeline</image:title>
      <image:caption>Catka Winyan, known by her friends as Dorothea Sun Bear, stands with her grandson in front of their thípi. Catka lives in what is now Wounded Knee, South Dakota, and is Oglala Lakota Sioux - the people of Chief Crazy Horse. She came to Standing Rock after her grandson showed her a video of an elderly woman being assaulted by a police officer and told me that she's very grateful for social media. She also spoke to me at great length and detail about what brought her to this point in time and space. From the defeat of Custer onward, how they used to be a nomadic people and how they fell on hard times after the buffalo population was decimated. She told me about the Wheeler-Howard Act, or Indian Reorganization Act, in 1934 that was forced on them. The Wounded Knee Massacre and the "allotments" of land “given” by the government. The eminent domain seizures thereafter. The establishment of the first international indigenous embassy on the Pine Ridge Reservation. The Red Cloud tribal building takeover in 2000. How they were formally recognized by the UN in 1977, but still have their rights violated to this day. Born Cha-O-Ha, "In The Wilderness" or "Among the Trees", Crazy Horse died in 1877, after being killed for leaving the reservation without permission. He once said, "My lands are where my dead lie buried." His last were, "My friend, I do not blame you for this. Had I listened to you this trouble would not have happened to me. I was not hostile to the white men... We preferred our own way of living. We were no expense to the government. All we wanted was peace and to be left alone... Our first impulse was to escape with our squaws and papooses, but we were so hemmed in that we had to fight. After that, I went up on the Tongue River with a few of my people and lived in peace. But the government would not let me alone. Finally, I came back to the Red Cloud Agency. Yet, I was not allowed to remain quiet. I was tired of fighting. I went to the Spotted Tail Agency and asked that chief and his agent to let me live there in peace. I came here with the agent Lee to talk with the Big White Chief but was not given a chance. They tried to confine me. I tried to escape, and a soldier ran his bayonet into me. I have spoken." Even in death Crazy Horse refused to lie on a cot and insisted on being placed on the ground. Armed soldiers stood by until he died and when he breathed his last breath, Touch the Clouds - his seven-foot-tall Miniconjou friend - pointed to the chief's body and declared, "This is the Lodge of Crazy Horse".</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Standing Rock and The Dakota Access Pipeline</image:title>
      <image:caption>Catka Winyan, known by her friends as Dorothea Sun Bear, stands with her grandson in front of their thípi.  Catka lives in what is now Wounded Knee, South Dakota, and is Oglala Lakota Sioux - the people of Chief Crazy Horse.  She came to Standing Rock after her grandson showed her a video of an elderly woman being assaulted by a police officer, and told me that she's very grateful for social media.  She also spoke to me at great length and detail about what brought her to this point in time and space.  From the defeat of Custer onward, how they used to be a nomadic people and how they had hard times when the number of buffalo suddenly dropped off.  About the Wheeler-Howard Act, or Indian Reorganization Act, in 1934 that was forced on them.  The Wounded Knee Massacre and the "allotments" of land by the government.  The eminent domain seizures.  The establishment of the first international indigenous embassy on the Pine Ridge Reservation and the Red Cloud tribal building takeover in 2000.  How they were recognized by the UN in 1977, but still have their rights violated today. Born Cha-O-Ha, "In The Wilderness" or "Among the Trees", Crazy Horse died in 1877, after being killed for leaving the reservation without permission.  He once said, "My lands are where my dead lie buried." His last words were, "My friend, I do not blame you for this. Had I listened to you this trouble would not have happened to me. I was not hostile to the white men... We preferred our own way of living. We were no expense to the government. All we wanted was peace and to be left alone... Our first impulse was to escape with our squaws and papooses, but we were so hemmed in that we had to fight. After that, I went up on the Tongue River with a few of my people and lived in peace. But the government would not let me alone.  Finally, I came back to the Red Cloud Agency. Yet, I was not allowed to remain quiet. I was tired of fighting. I went to the Spotted Tail Agency and asked that chief and his agent to let me live there in peace. I came here with the agent Lee to talk with the Big White Chief but was not given a chance. They tried to confine me. I tried to escape, and a soldier ran his bayonet into me. I have spoken."  Even in death Crazy Horse refused to lie on a cot, and insisted on being placed on the ground.  Armed soldiers stood by until he died and when he breathed his last breath, Touch the Clouds, his seven-foot-tall Miniconjou friend, pointed to the chief's body and declared, "This is the Lodge of Crazy Horse".</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Standing Rock and The Dakota Access Pipeline</image:title>
      <image:caption>Catka Winyan, known by her friends as Dorothea Sun Bear, stands with her grandson in front of their thípi. Catka lives in what is now Wounded Knee, South Dakota, and is Oglala Lakota Sioux - the people of Chief Crazy Horse. She came to Standing Rock after her grandson showed her a video of an elderly woman being assaulted by a police officer and told me that she's very grateful for social media. She also spoke to me at great length and detail about what brought her to this point in time and space. From the defeat of Custer onward, how they used to be a nomadic people and how they fell on hard times after the buffalo population was decimated. She told me about the Wheeler-Howard Act, or Indian Reorganization Act, in 1934 that was forced on them. The Wounded Knee Massacre and the "allotments" of land “given” by the government. The eminent domain seizures thereafter. The establishment of the first international indigenous embassy on the Pine Ridge Reservation. The Red Cloud tribal building takeover in 2000. How they were formally recognized by the UN in 1977, but still have their rights violated to this day. Born Cha-O-Ha, "In The Wilderness" or "Among the Trees", Crazy Horse died in 1877, after being killed for leaving the reservation without permission. He once said, "My lands are where my dead lie buried." His last were, "My friend, I do not blame you for this. Had I listened to you this trouble would not have happened to me. I was not hostile to the white men... We preferred our own way of living. We were no expense to the government. All we wanted was peace and to be left alone... Our first impulse was to escape with our squaws and papooses, but we were so hemmed in that we had to fight. After that, I went up on the Tongue River with a few of my people and lived in peace. But the government would not let me alone. Finally, I came back to the Red Cloud Agency. Yet, I was not allowed to remain quiet. I was tired of fighting. I went to the Spotted Tail Agency and asked that chief and his agent to let me live there in peace. I came here with the agent Lee to talk with the Big White Chief but was not given a chance. They tried to confine me. I tried to escape, and a soldier ran his bayonet into me. I have spoken." Even in death Crazy Horse refused to lie on a cot and insisted on being placed on the ground. Armed soldiers stood by until he died and when he breathed his last breath, Touch the Clouds - his seven-foot-tall Miniconjou friend - pointed to the chief's body and declared, "This is the Lodge of Crazy Horse".</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Standing Rock and The Dakota Access Pipeline</image:title>
      <image:caption>Law enforcement agents stand along the ridge of Turtle Island, a Native American burial ground and sacred site, take aim at peaceful water protectors. TigerSwan is a private military contractor who was hired by Dakota Access LLC. to provide "security consulting". Leaked situation and disinformation reports prepared by the company during the protest provided evidence of their aerial surveillance, radio eavesdropping, and the infiltration of camps and activist circles. The reports state that the movement "...generally followed the jihadist insurgency model while active, we can expect the individuals who fought for and supported it to follow a post-insurgency model after its collapse... While we can expect to see the continued spread of the anti-DAPL diaspora … aggressive intelligence preparation of the battlefield and active coordination between intelligence and security elements are now a proven method of defeating pipeline insurgencies." In the months of peaceful protest, many altercations stood out to civil rights groups, as one where 26 people were hospitalized and 300 injured after water canons were used in below freezing conditions, in addition to the usual tear gas, non-lethal ammunition rounds, and concussion grenades. President Donald Trump also holds between $15,000 and $50,000 in stock in Energy Transfer Partners – down from $500,000 to $1 million in 2015 – in addition to $100,000 - $250,000 in Phillips 66. Energy Transfer Partners CEO Kelcy Warren also contributed $103,000 directly to the Trump campaign. Trump has said that he supports the completion of the pipeline project, but his transition team insists this position "has nothing to do with his personal investments and everything to do with promoting policies that benefit all Americans."</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Standing Rock and The Dakota Access Pipeline</image:title>
      <image:caption>"I have heard talk and talk but nothing is done.  Good words do not last long unless they amount to something.  Words do not pay for my dead people.  They do not pay for my country now overrun by white men.  They do not protect my father's grave.  They do not pay for my horses and cattle.  Good words do not give me back my children.  Good words will not make good the promise of your war chief.  Good words will not give my people a home where they can live in peace and take care of themselves.  I am tired of talk that comes to nothing.  It makes my heart sick when I remember all the good words and all the broken promises." - Chief Joseph, Washington D.C. 1879</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Standing Rock and The Dakota Access Pipeline</image:title>
      <image:caption>Grayson "Kash" Jackson, carrying an inverted flag as a symbol of distress in relation to American civil rights.  Jackson is a U.S. Navy veteran who entered the naval service at the age of 17 and went on to serve for 20 years, receiving Navy &amp; Marine Corps Commendation and Achievement Medals, Global War on Terrorism Service Medal, Presidential Unit Citation, Meritorious Unit Citation, Navy Unit Citation, Military Outstanding Service Medal, and numerous others.  He now serves as a libertarian political activist who founded the parents' rights organization Restoring Freedom, and since expanded its focus to other civil rights causes in the United States - such as advocating for the property rights of American indigenous people in relation to the Dakota Access Pipeline.  Jackson is also campaigning as a candidate for Governor of Illinois in the 2018 gubernatorial election.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Standing Rock and The Dakota Access Pipeline</image:title>
      <image:caption>A man entrusted with the security of the Oceti Sakowin main camp wears a shirt with a portrait of Sitting Bull, which reads "Sure you can trust the government! Just ask an Indian!" "What white man can say I ever stole his land or a penny of his money?  Yet, they say I am a thief.  What white woman, however lonely, was ever captive or insulted by me?  Yet, they say I am a bad Indian.  What white man has ever seen me drunk?  Who has ever come to me hungry and left me unfed?  Who has ever seen me beat my wives or abuse my children?  What law have I broken?  Is it wrong of me to love my own?  Is it wicked for me because my skin is red?  Because I am a Sioux?  Because I was born where my father lived?  Because I would die for my people and my country?" - Sitting Bull</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Standing Rock and The Dakota Access Pipeline</image:title>
      <image:caption>Demonstrators board an active bulldozer in the pipeline easement to delay its construction.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Standing Rock and The Dakota Access Pipeline</image:title>
      <image:caption>“Sometimes I go about in pity for myself, and all the while, a great wind carries me across the sky”</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>An elderly Lenape woman from Pennsylvania holding documentation of her arrest, when she was detained and forced to spend several nights on the floor of a jail cell. She was happy to have her portrait taken but suffered through a cold she contracted from her time in prison and could not get through the interview without coughing up blood.</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>2,000 people protesting the Dakota Access Pipeline in Lower Manhattan on the night of November 15th were met with a large police presence that made nearly 40 arrests.</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Young women sing as they are forced into the back of a police van.</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>"The Prison Industrial Complex (PIC) is a term we use to describe the overlapping interests of government and industry that use surveillance, policing, and imprisonment as solutions to economic, social and political problems. Through its reach and impact, the PIC helps and maintains the authority of people who get their power through racial, economic and other privileges.  There are many ways this power is collected and maintained through the PIC, including creating mass media images that keep alive stereotypes of people of color, poor people, queer people, immigrants, youth, and other oppressed communities as criminal, delinquent, or deviant.  This power is also maintained by earning huge profits for private companies that deal with prisons and police forces; helping earn political gains for “tough on crime” politicians; increasing the influence of prison guard and police unions; and eliminating social and political dissent by oppressed communities that make demands for self-determination and reorganization of power in the US. From where we are now, sometimes we can’t really imagine what abolition is going to look like.  Abolition isn’t just about getting rid of buildings full of cages. It’s also about undoing the society we live in because the PIC both feeds on and maintains oppression and inequalities through punishment, violence, and controls millions of people.  Because the PIC is not an isolated system, abolition is a broad strategy.  An abolitionist vision means that we must build models today that can represent how we want to live in the future.  It means developing practical strategies for taking small steps that move us toward making our dreams real and that lead us all to believe that things really could be different.  It means living this vision in our daily lives."</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Not Afraid To Look by Charles Rencountre and Alicia Rencountre-Da Silva “The concept of not being afraid to look was inspired by an old trade pipe; ironically, the trade pipe was in the personal collection of President Andrew Jackson. The pipe depicted a small Indian man sitting on the shank of the pipe facing away from the smoker, looking straight at the bowl. The bowl of the pipe was carved as the head of a white man facing the small seated Indian man. The pipe was titled Not Afraid to Look the White Man in the Face… More than one unnamed Plains artist carved [this particular pipe] during the time of Manifest Destiny. This era was also known as the Indian War period—a time when the United States government moved west and met my ancestors with their army, their munitions and expansionist determination. I was deeply taken by the concept the pipe represented; the facing - without fear - a force that was taking everything from this little man’s world, and destroying all that he knew about the natural world. No matter how hard I try; I cannot get my head around how devastating this period in time was to American indigenous peoples and everything they stood for and understood… I was inspired by Not Afraid to Look The White Man in the Face because it reminded me that I have nothing to be afraid of; every day is a good day to die. And fearlessness is a way to move through difficult moments and circumstances. I knew that one day I would make my own rendition of this piece… Not Afraid to Look the White Man in the Face became Not Afraid to Look - for racism and colonization are not the only threats to our communities, and injustice is a challenge for all people to overcome. The need to connect to our earth and face whatever the forces are that evoke despair, fear, anger, delusion and denial is universally shared. The piece reminds us of our power to endure and face what seems insurmountable, as my ancestors remind me that we can face even genocide and continue in good ways. How much courage does it take to sit on the earth with no weapons, looking straight ahead into the eye of the storm with no fear? It is much like counting coup on an enemy in the sense that one only needs to touch the enemy, not take his life. Touching the enemy with your eyes, with your gaze, is the highest capacity of honor, courage and compassion.”</image:caption>
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      <image:title>America in Protest</image:title>
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      <image:title>America in Protest</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1532812970853-D7M17N9INBOPQCBFIAXB/JAMESARAMELLIOTTPHOTOGRAPHY-4136.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>America in Protest</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1532813128131-QPL8TUHJ5RU78WNEZ7QW/JAMESARAMELLIOTTPHOTOGRAPHY-4138.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>America in Protest</image:title>
      <image:caption>“Then the righteous will answer him, ‘Lord, when did we see you hungry and feed you, or thirsty and give you something to drink? When did we see you a stranger and invite you in, or needing clothes and clothe you? When did we see you sick or in prison and go to visit you?’ The King will reply, ‘Truly I tell you, whatever you did for one of the least of these brothers and sisters of mine, you did for me.’”</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1514789099345-O78SZF9R5STIRV3K9VIX/JamesAramElliottPhotography-9007.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>America in Protest</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1513845086876-FPCD1JHK06W34QCLDJ6W/JamesAramElliottPhotography9247.JPG</image:loc>
      <image:title>America in Protest</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.jamesaramelliott.com/greece</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2019-02-08</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1519533933429-L73S7MYK3BIR8OPTQFH7/JamesAramElliottPhotography-1849.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Greece Ελλάδα</image:title>
      <image:caption>A mother gives birth, and a newborn stands for the first time in what will be its life among the olive groves on the coast of northern Lesvos.</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1519533933429-L73S7MYK3BIR8OPTQFH7/JamesAramElliottPhotography-1849.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Greece Ελλάδα</image:title>
      <image:caption>A mother gives birth, and a newborn stands for the first time in what will be its life among the olive groves on the coast of northern Lesvos.</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1516249870795-MGS12LSXC7CM9L6BP8ZI/JamesAramElliottPhotography-0509.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Greece Ελλάδα</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1519533224111-UDNQLVN5JB81RN78DEQM/JamesAramElliottPhotography-0553.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Greece Ελλάδα</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1519618551880-IIHWFEQTGBY0612VZUFK/JamesAramElliottPhotography-3090.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Greece Ελλάδα</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1510905466085-6NHY81K5651NXJQ28TIE/IMG_2977+copy.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Greece Ελλάδα</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1519618966163-966DW2Z0D1PXPGDSCJZ8/JamesAramElliottPhotography-3187.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Greece Ελλάδα</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1514012272541-ECU1A8X2GE6U3CZFGL8N/JamesAramElliottPhotography-1931.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Greece Ελλάδα</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1510974901330-9SIA5S1H1I25135HCZ1F/IMG_1559.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Greece Ελλάδα</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1519534818569-QE3LJNLMUOHI7OBIPD7L/JamesAramElliottPhotography-1640.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Greece Ελλάδα</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1510974891492-UN2EENEGN7L6FRXJXOY6/IMG_1381.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Greece Ελλάδα</image:title>
      <image:caption>I Mouria tou Myrivili Taverna is situated in the fishing harbor of Skala Sikaminia, home to a population of 150 people.  Skala means "little harbor". It is famous for this mulberry tree, that early 20th century writer Stratis Mirivilis, a pillar of modern Greek literature born in Skala Sikaminia, wrote about in his books.  The village, the tree, and the taverna are also the setting in his novel, "Panagia Gorgona" (Our Lady the Mermaid).</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Greece Ελλάδα</image:title>
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      <image:title>Greece Ελλάδα</image:title>
      <image:caption>The sun rises on the port of Chios</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Greece Ελλάδα</image:title>
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      <image:title>Greece Ελλάδα</image:title>
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      <image:title>Greece Ελλάδα</image:title>
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      <image:title>Greece Ελλάδα</image:title>
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      <image:title>Greece Ελλάδα</image:title>
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      <image:title>Greece Ελλάδα</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1510905420398-7JRU620O7EC38YRNFXLL/IMG_2977+copy-1.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Greece Ελλάδα</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1519619458625-EEQLUB8IJP7MGJD1SOKR/JamesAramElliottPhotography-2936.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Greece Ελλάδα</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1513638186413-9EACEM5CCUPC1GL923AF/JamesAramElliottPhotography.JPG</image:loc>
      <image:title>Greece Ελλάδα</image:title>
      <image:caption>The sun rises on Agua International Water Relief and Lighthouse Relief volunteers after a night watching the coast of Lesbos for refugee vessels.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Greece Ελλάδα</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1520768323138-GW583H94VBGF1LJW0SOF/JamesAramElliottPhotography-1191.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Greece Ελλάδα</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1514702941547-MFVNGHQIVHKLYNLLARJG/JamesAramElliottPhotography-2689.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Greece Ελλάδα</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1520768327791-S3OTUWEBAMGDQHUDHXKZ/JamesAramElliottPhotography-2024.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Greece Ελλάδα</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1516251495307-HBXUKQ5DYBUM3P8D2176/JamesAramElliottPhotography-2589.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Greece Ελλάδα</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1519619840270-AVKERQ0RGKL7WL8TUZZE/JamesAramElliottPhotography-1189.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Greece Ελλάδα</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1519621228608-VPA9C58ZIW8MSEU8ZMVD/JamesAramElliottPhotography-2631.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Greece Ελλάδα</image:title>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.jamesaramelliott.com/armenia</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2025-06-14</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1518906985358-FILXHP9JJWL9YFM6L6S0/JamesAramElliottPhotography-7516.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Armenia Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>The holy mountain of the Armenian people. In pre-Christian Armenian mythology, it was the home of the gods. Despite lying outside the borders of the modern Republic of Armenia, Ararat has historically been associated with the Armenian nation and was the center of ancient Armenian kingdoms. It is the country's principal national symbol. "No one can take Mount Ararat from us; we keep it in our hearts. Wherever Armenians live in the world today, you will find a picture of Mount Ararat in their homes. And I feel certain that a time will come when Mount Ararat is no longer a symbol of the separation between our peoples, but an emblem of understanding. But let me make this clear: Never has a representative of Armenia made territorial demands. Turkey alleges this — perhaps out of its own bad conscience?" According to the fourth verse of the eighth chapter of the Book of Genesis (Genesis 8:4), following the flood, Noah's Ark landed on the "mountains of Ararat". Ararat being the Hebrew name for Urartu, the predecessor kingdom of Armenia that existed in the Armenian plateau in the 9th–6th centuries BC. The traditional Armenian name for the mountain is Masis.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1518906985358-FILXHP9JJWL9YFM6L6S0/JamesAramElliottPhotography-7516.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Armenia Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>The holy mountain of the Armenian people. In pre-Christian Armenian mythology, it was the home of the gods. Despite lying outside the borders of the modern Republic of Armenia, Ararat has historically been associated with the Armenian nation and was the center of ancient Armenian kingdoms. It is the country's principal national symbol. "No one can take Mount Ararat from us; we keep it in our hearts. Wherever Armenians live in the world today, you will find a picture of Mount Ararat in their homes. And I feel certain that a time will come when Mount Ararat is no longer a symbol of the separation between our peoples, but an emblem of understanding. But let me make this clear: Never has a representative of Armenia made territorial demands. Turkey alleges this — perhaps out of its own bad conscience?" According to the fourth verse of the eighth chapter of the Book of Genesis (Genesis 8:4), following the flood, Noah's Ark landed on the "mountains of Ararat". Ararat being the Hebrew name for Urartu, the predecessor kingdom of Armenia that existed in the Armenian plateau in the 9th–6th centuries BC. The traditional Armenian name for the mountain is Masis.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1519200085775-HJFGNAVF6XY3QX8Q4O11/JamesAramElliottPhotography-6980.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Armenia Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>Erebuni Fortress - Arin Berd or Fortress of Blood</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1549251172686-K4GMMJR7YCPEQXDT6GSI/JAMESARAMELLIOTTPHOTOGRAPHY-3417.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Armenia Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>Carved seamlessly from the mountainside, it was founded on a spring arising in a cave which has been deemed sacred since pre-Christian Armenia, and was known as Ayrivank - the Monastery of the Cave - before it became Geghard Monastery. Geghard means spear, named after the spear that wounded Christ on the Cross, brought there by the Apostle Thaddeus.</image:caption>
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1518759715441-OHV1XB3B0BUEXS3LACXR/JamesAramElliottPhotography-8690.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Armenia Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>Built on the site of a pagan temple in Vagharshapat in 301 AD, when Gregory the Illuminator had a vision of Jesus descending from heaven and striking the earth with a golden hammer to show its location.  Etchmiadzin meaning, "Descent of the Only Begotten".  The mother church of Armenian Apostolicism and the first cathedral to be built in ancient Armenia, is also considered the oldest cathedral in the world. For many centuries, Etchmiadzin served as the national and political center of the stateless Armenian people.  It is sanctified soil, similar to Temple Mount in Judaism or Golden Temple in Sikhism, and a major pilgrimage site for Armenians worldwide.   The first European to study Armenian architecture, Josef Strzygowski, placed Armenia in the center of European architecture suggesting churches and chapels in Western Europe (notably, the Gergimgny-des-Prés in Paris, built by Armenian architect Odo of Metz, the San Satiro in Milan, the Nea Ekklesia Church in Constantinople, and the churches of Mount Athos in Greece) had been influenced by the cathedrals of Etchmiadzin and Bagaran due to the similarities found within their plans.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1518768041891-EUC82OVLBTFNOOPHAJ01/JamesAramElliottPhotography-02.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Armenia Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>Ojakh means hearth, but is used to mean home, and even family.  In ancient times the ojakh, or tonir, was worshipped by Armenians - a symbol of the Sun.  Armenians made their ojakhner in resemblance with the setting sun "going into the earth". The underground tonir, made of clay, was one of the first tools in Armenian cuisine, as an oven and as a thermal treatment tool.   Armenians are said to have originated the underground tonir.  The preparation, meaning, and appearance of the traditional bread lavash is listed in UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity as an expression of culture in Armenia.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1613181229237-K35XS0NXTIXQOHJHS8SC/JAMESARAMELLIOTTPHOTOGRAPHY-7097.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Armenia Հայաստան</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1521582485550-SWKQ5OA4BVQ9JN56FPE3/JamesAramElliottPhotography-.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Armenia Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>Trndez, or Tyarndarach, is pagan in origin and is originally connected with Sun/Fire worship in ancient pre-Christian Armenia, symbolizing the coming of spring and fertility.  The holiday was meant to strengthen the heat of the sun, influencing cold with the help of fire.  The fire symbolized the birth of Vahagn, and the young women jumping over it were said to have done so in order to bear strong and intelligent children - a dedication to Mihr and Tir, the gods of fire and knowledge.  Jumping over the fire was also said to have a purifying power to help fight disease and bad luck.  In the church it is now celebrated as a feast of purification celebrated 40 days after Jesus birth.  This was photograph was taken in the courtyard of Saint Gregory the Illuminator Cathedral in the center of Yerevan, the largest Armenian cathedral in the world.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1521067269193-7YSR5NSAD446MUW3OWD3/JamesAramElliottPhotography-8713.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Armenia Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>A woman comes in from the cold and smiles as she lights a candle in Etchmiadzin on January 6th, when Armenians observe Astvats e Haytnutyun, "the appearance of God among men" - a celebration of the nativity and baptism of Christ.  Around 340 AD, the Roman Empire's church hierarchy changed the date to December 25th to replace a pagan festival that did not exist in Armenia.  Adopting the practice was irrelevant to Armenians and they chose to remain loyal to the ancient custom, celebrating the feast on this day for the last 17 centuries.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1487142103356-5TJASC7QM5Y6RT54E3UG/IMG_8047.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Armenia Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>A group of girls praying in Saint Gregory Sisavan Church in Sisian.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1515462272877-TQKTG6M7K2EWWPYR44GV/JamesAramElliottPhotography-7516.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Armenia Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>The holy mountain of the Armenian people.  In pre-Christian Armenian mythology, it was the home of the gods.  Despite lying outside the borders of the modern Republic of Armenia, Ararat has historically been associated with the Armenian nation and was the center of ancient Armenian kingdoms.  It is the country's principal national symbol. "No one can take Mount Ararat from us; we keep it in our hearts.  Wherever Armenians live in the world today, you will find a picture of Mount Ararat in their homes.  And I feel certain that a time will come when Mount Ararat is no longer a symbol of the separation between our peoples, but an emblem of understanding.  But let me make this clear: Never has a representative of Armenia made territorial demands.  Turkey alleges this — perhaps out of its own bad conscience?" -Serzh Sargsyan According to the fourth verse of the eighth chapter of the Book of Genesis (Genesis 8:4), following the flood, Noah's Ark landed on the "mountains of Ararat".  Ararat being the Hebrew name for Urartu, the predecessor kingdom of Armenia that existed in the Armenian plateau in the 9th–6th centuries BC.  The traditional Armenian name for the mountain is Masis.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
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      <image:title>Armenia Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>A monument to Garegin "Nzhdeh" Ter-Harutyunyan on the slopes of Khustup Mountain, where his right hand is buried.  Garegin was born on January 1st 1886, the youngest of four born to a priest in the village of Kznut, Nakhchivan.  His father died when he was only two years old, and was given an education under the patronage of a man who founded the Armenian Revolutionary Federation.  He went on to become one of the most revered military commanders and political strategists in Armenian history; an extraordinary fighter, orator, statesman, philosopher, and prolific writer whose collective works helped shape a national ideology.  One of his important accomplishments - the defense of Karakilisa - was crucial for the survival of Armenians in their ancestral lands, allowing for the creation of the First Republic of Armenia.  The genocide forced surviving Armenians from 90% of their lands, and after defeats at Yerznka, Kars, and Alexandropol; if any of Sardarabad, Aparan, or Karakilisa were lost to Turkey's three pronged invasion - Armenia would be wiped off the map entirely.  The head of the Armenian armies fell into despair telling Nzhdeh, "I have no army; do what you can".  Garegin Nzdeh managed to inspire and mobilize the population of despairing and hopeless locals and refugees - outnumbered and ill-equipped - to hold off the Turkish army for four days, with a speech given in a Dilijan church yard, saying "Straight to the frontline, our salvation is there." General Wehib Pasha was forced to report to Turkish headquarters, "We do not have the strength to defeat the Armenians. The three day battle in Karakilisa shows that as long as their existence is in danger they will prefer to die fighting... In short, we must come to terms with the Armenians... At Karakilisa, the Armenians proved that they can be the best fighters in the world." ... "I spit on your execution. You must understand who you are dealing with. I'm Garegin Nzhdeh, a staunch enemy of the Bolshevism. I dedicated my own life to the struggle for freedom and independence of my people. I defended Zangezur from the Turks and the Turkish Bolsheviks. Is it possible that I will be afraid of your execution?"  "When you find me killed, bury my body at the top of Khustup to let me clearly view Kapan, Gndevaz, Goghtan and Geghvadzor." “Only a true nationalist is able to love the whole world. This is the Armenian nationalism. An Armenian nationalist does not exalt his nation and does not belittle others. He or she focuses only on his people and homeland, works and creates for the sake of and for the benefit of the nation, but the love of the nation should not lead to hatred towards the rest of humanity.” "The motherland must be loved regardless of her political regime and our political convictions."  "Self-deception led us to a politics of begging, and because we were also weak, we gave ourselves over to maudlin sentimentality... Today we curse those political patrons, but we forget that beggars are given poorhouses, not independent homelands." "Every coward is biologically immoral." "To struggle in defense of what is right is not a calamity but a blessing."</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Armenia Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>The letters of the Armenian alphabet engraved in stone tablet at the grave of Saint Mesrop Mashtots in Oshakan, an early medieval Armenian linguist, theologian, statesman, and hymnologist who invented the alphabet in 405 AD, a crucial step in strengthening Armenian national identity. "Armenia, so long the battle-ground of Romans and Persians, lost its independence in 387, and was divided between the Byzantine Empire and Persia, about four-fifths being given to the latter. Western Armenia was governed by Byzantine generals, while an Armenian king ruled, but only as feudatory, over Persian Armenia. The Church was naturally influenced by these violent political changes, although the loss of civil independence and the partition of the land could not destroy its organization or subdue its spirit. Persecution only quickened it into greater activity, and had the effect of bringing the clergy, the nobles, and the common people closer together. The principal events of this period are the invention of the Armenian alphabet, the revision of the liturgy, the creation of an ecclesiastical and national literature, and the readjustment of hierarchical relations." The first sentence to be written by Mashtots after he invented the letters was said to be the opening line of Solomon’s Book of Proverbs, "ճանաչել զիմաստութիւն եւ զխրատ, իմանալ զբանս հանճարոյ" - "To know wisdom and instruction; to perceive the words of understanding." "Armenian literary tradition dates back to times immemorial. Even in Armenian mythology there exist deities and spirits of writing and literature, such as the god of literature Tir and the spirit writer Grogh. Armenia’s writing tradition is also considered one of the major factors behind the survival of the Armenian people... Today the ancient manuscript repository, Matenadaran, holds one of the world’s richest depositories of ancient manuscripts and books which span a broad range of subjects, including history, philosophy, medicine, literature, art history and cosmography in Armenian and many other languages. Although much has been destroyed (e.g., over 10,000 manuscripts burned by Seljuk Turks in 1070 after a 40-year siege of Kapan), over 30.000 have survived and are preserved until today."</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Armenia Հայաստան</image:title>
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      <image:title>Armenia Հայաստան</image:title>
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      <image:title>Armenia Հայաստան</image:title>
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      <image:title>Armenia Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>The Tatev plateau has been in use since pre-Christian times, hosting a pagan temple before this monastery was built.  In the 14th and 15th centuries, Tatev Monastery hosted one of the most important Armenian medieval universities, the University of Tatev, which contributed to the advancement of science, religion, and philosophy, reproduction of books, and development of miniature painting.  Scholars of the university contributed to the preservation of Armenian culture and creed during one of its most turbulent periods in its history.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Armenia Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>The crown of Ararat peers over cloud cover, as seen from Khor Virap Monastery.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Armenia Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>Catholicos Karekin II</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Armenia Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>Etchmiadzin</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Armenia Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>The musical fountains of Hanrapetut′yan hraparak, Republic Square, in the heart of Yerevan.  Designed by Alexander Tamanian in 1924, the square is surrounded by five major buildings - including the Government House, the History Museum, and the National Gallery - built with pink and yellow tuff in the neoclassical style with extensive use of Armenian motif.  It is Yerevan's most important civic space, architecturally and otherwise one of the finest central squares created anywhere in the world during the 20th century.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Armenia Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>A storm charges through downtown Yerevan just passing by Yerevan TV tower, the largest structure in the Caucasus and the second largest in all of West Asia.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Armenia Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>Sisian</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Armenia Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>The streets of Gyumri</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Armenia Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>Tigran Hamasyan’s SOS Gyumri Project charity fundraiser concert.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Armenia Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>Yepraksia Barseghyan-Gevorgyan, over 100 years old, tightens her headscarf while she recounts her escape from Laloyi Mavrak in the province of Kars - the village she called home before her father was killed in the genocide of 1915, and the family was forced to flee. She now lives in Armavir, Armenia, and has eight children, 16 grandchildren, 29 great-grandchildren and seven great-great-grandchildren.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Armenia Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>A man from Artsakh holds his daughter and looks out over their farmland. 100 is written on the mountainside behind them, a commemoration of the centennial of the genocide.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Armenia Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>Soghomon Tehlirian, born in 1896, was just 19 years old when he lost a total of 85 family members to the Armenian Genocide. Five years later he joined Operation Nemesis - a covert operation to seek revenge on the architects of the genocide - named after the Greek goddess of Retribution, also known as Adrestia, "The Inescapable". This group of survivors; an engineering student, an accountant, a life insurance salesman, a diplomat, and a newspaper editor, formed what became one of the most effective assassination squads in history. Soghomon was the one entrusted with killing Talaat Pasha, the Minister of Interior and Prime Minister, and one of "Three Pashas" who were de facto rulers of the Ottoman Empire. His orders were: "You blow up the skull of the Number One nation-murderer and you don't try to flee. You stand there, your foot on the corpse, and surrender to the police who will come and handcuff you." Which he did successfully in broad daylight with a single bullet, in Germany, where Talaat had fled knowing there were no international laws yet in place under which they could be tried. During the court proceedings, Soghomon explained that when he first saw Talaat he carried on as before until five or six weeks later, when he saw a vision of his mother’s corpse rise before him to say “You saw Talaat and you did not avenge your mother’s, father’s, brothers’, and sisters’ murders? You are no longer my son.” He told himself, “I have to do something. I want to be my mother’s son again. She cannot turn me away when I go to be with her in heaven. I want her to clasp me to her bosom like before.” It took the jury slightly over an hour to render a verdict of not guilty.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Armenia Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>One of more than 20,000 Syrian-Armenians who have sought refuge from the tragedies in Syria and repatriated to Armenia says a blessing as she waves goodbye to workers distributing clothing.  Just a century earlier, Syria had been a sanctuary; the heart and natural resting place of the Armenian diaspora.  Those who survived the genocide were driven in two directions – to Damascus, or along the Euphrates to Deir ez-Zor.  Deportation was just a euphemism for mass murder, as no provisions were made for their journey or exile, and they were forbidden food or water in almost all cases.   According to Minority Rights Group, those who survived the long journey south were then herded into vast open-air concentration camps, the worst of which was Der Zor.  With a name that sticks like a thorn; “r” “z” “or” — hard, sawing, and knifelike — it has come to have a meaning approximate to Auschwitz for Armenians.  A million perished, and in places where so many bodies lay, the land itself continues to sink today.  The survivors had the unimaginable task of life afterward.  There is the Kurdish tradition of tattooing called deq found in Anatolia, but tattoos have never had a place in Armenian tradition. These traces of the slavery that women and children endured as integral parts of the genocide were not spoken of.  A documentary was made about some of these survivors, titled "Grandma’s Tattoos".</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Kond</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Kond</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Kond</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Armenia Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>A woman comes in from the cold and smiles as she lights a candle in Etchmiadzin on January 6th, when Armenians observe Astvats e Haytnutyun, "the appearance of God among men" - a celebration of the nativity and baptism of Christ.  Around 340 AD, the Roman Empire's church hierarchy changed the date to December 25th to replace a pagan festival that did not exist in Armenia.  Adopting the practice was irrelevant to Armenians and they chose to remain loyal to the ancient custom, celebrating the feast on this day for the last 17 centuries.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Armenia Հայաստան</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1511247387397-LAOGCKO2G600S5C6BK04/IMG_3417-2.JPG</image:loc>
      <image:title>Armenia Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>Carved out of the mountainside and founded on a spring arising in a cave which had been deemed sacred since pre-Christian Armenia, it was known as Ayrivank, or the Monastery of the Cave, before it became Geghard Monastery.  Geghard means spear, and was named after the spear that wounded Christ on the Cross was brought there by the Apostle Thaddeus.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Armenia Հայաստան</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/586acd1715d5db01822e2c6e/1514626725524-N0B7UQ073WX25WANGP2V/JamesAramElliottPhotography-7516.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Armenia Հայաստան</image:title>
      <image:caption>The holy mountain of the Armenian people.  In pre-Christian Armenian mythology, it was the home of the gods.  Despite lying outside the borders of the modern Republic of Armenia, Ararat has historically been associated with the Armenian nation and was the center of ancient Armenian kingdoms.  It is the country's principal national symbol. "No one can take Mount Ararat from us; we keep it in our hearts.  Wherever Armenians live in the world today, you will find a picture of Mount Ararat in their homes.  And I feel certain that a time will come when Mount Ararat is no longer a symbol of the separation between our peoples, but an emblem of understanding.  But let me make this clear: Never has a representative of Armenia made territorial demands.  Turkey alleges this — perhaps out of its own bad conscience?" -Serzh Sargsyan According to the fourth verse of the eighth chapter of the Book of Genesis (Genesis 8:4), following the flood, Noah's Ark landed on the "mountains of Ararat".  Ararat being the Hebrew name for Urartu, the predecessor kingdom of Armenia that existed in the Armenian plateau in the 9th–6th centuries BC.  The traditional Armenian name for the mountain is Masis.</image:caption>
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    <loc>https://www.jamesaramelliott.com/artsakh</loc>
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    <lastmod>2021-12-08</lastmod>
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      <image:title>Artsakh Արցախ</image:title>
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      <image:title>Artsakh Արցախ</image:title>
      <image:caption>Artsakh</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Artsakh Արցախ</image:title>
      <image:caption>Ghazanchetsots Cathedral, built between in 1887 by Armenians who emigrated from the Persian Ghazanchi village to Shushi. They were only able to raise funds for its construction thanks to their unique talent in making cauldrons (Ghazan in Armenian). During a liturgy, the priest must receive absolution from another priest, but during its construction the small population of Shushi had only one priest to serve the churches needs. To solve this problem, the architects built an underground room designed to reverberate one's voice directly back to them. Thus, before conducting a liturgy, the priest would receive absolution, hearing his own voice saying, “Let my ears hear what my lips utter”. After being damaged during the March 1920 massacre of Armenians of Shushi by Azerbaijan, the cathedral then experienced a decades-long decline under Soviet rule. During the First Artsakh War, Azerbaijan used the cathedral as an armory, where hundreds of missiles were stored. It was restored in the aftermath of the war and reconsecrated in 1998. A landmark of Shushi and Artsakh, it has become an icon for the Artsakhi-Armenian cause. Even today, soldiers often get blessings here before leaving to the front. Surrounded by angels with horns in their hands that symbolize the last resurrection in the Bible. When judgment day comes the angels will blow their trumpets, the dead will resurrect, and the living will die and resurrect again. The angels are standing on the bell tower, as it symbolizes the world's horn that calls all the people to a service. The angels that you see today are newly made, as the older ones were destroyed during Azerbaijani rule. These angels are considered symbols of Shushi.</image:caption>
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